The bicameral Parliament consists of the House of Representatives (395 members), elected for five years by direct universal suffrage, and the House of Councillors (with a maximum of 120 members), elected for six years by a complicated system of indirect elections by local councils, professional organizations, and labour unions. Governance Structure Conformément à la circulaire du Premier Ministre n°17/2009 du 21 Octobre 2009, le programme e-gouvernement a été doté d'une gouvernance reposant sur trois structures : Le Comité Interministériel e-gouvernement par abréviation CIGOV, présidé par le Ministre en charge de l’Industrie, du Commerce … Link / Embed. The “Morocco New Governance Framework Implementation Support Project” is being funded with a US$4.5 million grant from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Transition Fund, approved on February 20, 2013. Authenticity and Modernity Party Attempts by the Ministry of Justice to set up a multi-media public-awareness campaign on basic rights failed because of lack of funding. PAM includes in its ranks members with different ideological leanings such as liberals, leftists, Islamists and royalists, suggesting a lack of a clear ideological direction. In criminal cases, there are court-appointed defence lawyers for indigent defendants who act pro bono, but there are no public defenders. Such a research faces methodological and practical impediments stemming from the paucity of information on funding and other governance … The Commission proposed there be only twelve regions, covering larger areas and greater populations and with much greater autonomy. The Air Force relies on older French planes, mainly Mirage F1-C and F1-E acquired in the 1970s and 1980s and American F-5E Tiger. In Morocco, internal demands for institutional reform backed by popular support have become a major lever in assisting to establish good governance in the country since early 2011. One of the new constitutional provisions is that the regional councils should be elected by universal suffrage (Article 135): how could a democratically self-governing Western Sahara coexist with authoritarian Morocco? Legal System They also hear criminal cases involving petty offences. As a political official, the … Morocco is a monarchy, and has been ruled by members of the Alaouite dynasty since the beginning of the 17th century. The latter was first enacted in 1957 and modified in 2004 and is by far the most controversial (see Women). In 1996, under a new Constitution, the repression began to lift. The Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) project reports aggregate and individual governance indicators for over 200 countries and territories over the period 1996–2018, for six dimensions of governance:Voice and AccountabilityPolitical Stability and Absence of ViolenceGovernment EffectivenessRegulatory QualityRule of LawControl of Corruption The Worldwide Governance … Political Parties Istiqlal was initially a grand coalition, but Ouezzani broke away to found the Democratic Independence Party (Parti Democratique et de lâIndependence; PDI) in 1946, the same year that Ali Yata became the first Moroccan to lead the Communist Party of Morocco (Parti Communiste du Maroc, PC). The King used the parties as a way to divide the political forces. This study analyses initiatives undertaken in Morocco to support the management of critical risks. The Transition Fund was launched at the WB-IMF last annual meetings in Tokyo by the G8 Deauville … Transport planes are largely US-made. The basic level includes first-instance courts, trade courts, and communal and district courts. The current Prime Minister is Abdelilah Benkirane of the moderate Islamist Justice and Development Party (Parti de la Justice et du Développement, PJD). The administrative-police functions include public order, public security, and traffic control on roads outside the cities. Regions are administered by a Wali (governor), appointed by the King, and a regional council, elected by direct universal suffrage. Morocco. Governance | Morocco News is a news reader (RSS reader) providing a summary of headlines and latest news stories disseminated in the reliable news sources from Morocco News. As a result, Morocco is currently experiencing a difficult political situation, characterized by a general m... Stay up to date with the weekly newsletter! If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. In 2003, terrorist crimes were added to the list, but the penalty has not been carried out since 1993 (although by August 2008 there were 150 prisoners on death row). As all the constitutions make clear, the head of state is the King (or Sultan, in 1908) who is ‘Commander of the Faithful’ (amir al-muminin). Benhlal makes important recommendations about political oversight, implementation of the rule of law and anti-corruption measures to ensure that these constitutional amendments will be more than a veil of good governance. Mounting Tensions Between Moroccoâs Main Political Parties. Its 37 local districts are responsible for policing traffic in urban areas, policing large crowds (e.g., sports fixtures and concerts), and civil protection during emergencies. However, as the US State Department ‘Country Reports on Human Rights Practices‘ on Morocco for 2011 points out, courts often do not act independently in practice and are subject to corruption and extra-judicial influence. According to recent reports, Moroccan jihadists are continuing to join IS in Libya and are in... Morocco is still without a government. The Prime Minister and Cabinet are officially appointed by the King, but the government’s programme must be approved by a majority vote of the Chamber of Deputies after a debate in both parliamentary chambers. There is also a small-claims legal system. Communal and district courts hear personal-estate actions against residents of their jurisdiction, again, under a certain sum. The underlying reason seems to have been to provide a possible solution to the Western Sahara question. Professional Skill The law protects this rightâ. Based on the Alexandria Protocol of 1944, the League of Arab States â commonly referred to as the Arab League â was founded in Cairo on 22 March 1945. Other posts, especially in the economic field, are filled by the King. The Open Government Review of Morocco is the first of its kind analysing a country’s open government policies and practices and their institutional and legal frameworks for implementation against OECD instruments. Parliament and political parties were reduced to marginal roles, and there were severe constraints on the media. Each of Morocco’s first five constitutions since independence began the same way: ‘Morocco is a constitutional democratic and social monarchy.’ The sixth Constitution in 2011 added the word ‘parliamentary’: ‘Le Maroc est une monarchie constitutionnelle, démocratique, parlementaire et sociale.’ The monarchy is very old: the current dynasty dates back to the mid-17th century and is the oldest surviving ruling family in the Arab countries. Moroccoâs military strength in 2019. The main light tanks are French (AMX-13) and Austrian (SK-105 Kürassier). This would permit the operation of a local autonomy plan for the Western Sahara: the two Saharan provinces would be empowered to use local resources to develop the infrastructure and improve the economic conditions. READ online. The Constitution is a product of modern nationalism and the struggle for independence, yet there was an early project for constitutional rule in 1908, on the eve of the Protectorate, which proposed limited controls on the sultan and was based on the idea that the Japanese, equipped with a constitution, had defeated the autocratic Russian empire in 1906. It has not fought a conventional interstate war since the Algerian wars of the early 1960s. The National Security includes various technical services, such as scientific and computer specialists. By bringing together a multitude of OECD instruments and expertise in different areas of public governance, the … Tensions are already mounting between the main political parties. The Supreme Court hears appeals from lower courts and resolves jurisdictional disputes. Comments are welcome: please provide comments to cignag@ebrd.com 2 This Report does not constitute legal advice. That year, the number of people who reached military age was estimated at 604,533 personnel, while military expenditure was estimated at $3.4 billion. Parts of the regions of Guelmimâal-Semara and LaayouneâBoujdourâSakia al-Hamra and all of Oued Eddahab Lagouira are in the territory of Western Sahara. Within the framework of the Morocco Country Programme and the implementation of the "Advanced Regionalisation Process", the MENA-OECD Governance Programme has contributed to improving the quality of local-level policies and strengthening citizens' trust in governance.Strategic assistance was provided to achieve three … They included the National Rally of Independents (Rassemblement National des Indépendants, RNI; 1978), which backed away later from uncritical support of the King; the National Democratic Party (Parti National Démocratique PND; 1981), a centre-right party that split from the RNI; the Constitutional Union (Union Constitutionelle, UC; 1983), a centre-right party claiming to represent the post-independence generation; the Action Party (Parti de l’Action, PA; 1974), a Berber modernist party; and the Popular National Movement (Mouvement National Populaire, MNP; 1991), a centrist offshoot of the MP, led by one of its former leaders, Mahjoubi Aherdane. Thus, not all the new parties were entirely supportive of the regime: on the left, former members of the USFP and PPS set up the Organization for Democratic and Popular Action (Organisation de lâAction Démocratique et Populaire, OADP) in May 1983. The report on service delivery in Morocco, prepared by SIGMA, was presented during the event. The 2011 Constitution, which was immediately the result of the Arab Spring movement, was the long-term consequence of this liberalizing trend. As a result, many were muted in their criticism and positioned themselves in the political centre. A new wave of parties emerged, many of them offshoots of second-generation parties. An overview of human rights in Morocco. Increasing European hegemony led religiously inspired nationalists to overthrow him and replace him with one of his brothers, Abdelhafid. The Executive The form of a constitutional monarchy was retained, and, towards the end of Hassan II’s reign and after the succession of his son Mohammed VI in 1999, the repression was eased. There are also specialized tribunals: a commercial court system that hears commercial cases involving large sums, with its own system of appeals; administrative courts that deal with initial cases involving the public authorities; independent audit courts that operate at the central and regional levels; and a separate Standing Tribunal of the Royal Armed Forces. It also appoints the administrative heads of government departments, the presidents of universities, and the heads of other institutions of higher education. The Cabinet determines and implements public and foreign policy and oversees the passing of laws by Parliament. He notes an excessive focus on laws and institutional procedures that do not translate into the necessary transformation in the status of governance and the nature of the Moroccan political regime. By bringing together a multitude of OECD instruments and expertise in different areas of public governance, the Review provides Moroccan … Women have been recruited since the early 1980s. Offically a parliamentary constitutional democracy, in … Corporate Governance in Transition Economies Morocco Country Report June 2016 Prepared by: Gian Piero Cigna Ahmed Meziou With the assistance of: Nestor Advisors . Access to the Courts He used his constitutional power to appoint the Prime Minister (the leader of the largest party) and to approve and promulgate laws vigorously, repeatedly dissolved Parliament, rewrote the constitution several times, and rigged elections in favour of his supporters. After 1912, the Protectorate slowly negotiated an end to the capitulation system; the British were the last major power to agree to end protected status in the French zone in 1937, but not in the Spanish zone, where the capitulations were renounced only at independence, in 1956. Most of the population cannot afford legal services, as the average lawyer’s fee is equivalent to two to four weeks of the minimum wage. Overview of governance in Morocco: the monarchy, the executive, the legislative, the legal system, local government, military and police. Parliament passes laws: legislative bills are submitted to both chambers, and if they do not adopt an identical text, the government sets up a joint committee with equal representation to establish it. Governance Reform in Morocco. According to Morocco’s Constitution, executive power is vested in the government, which consists of the Prime Minister and the Cabinet (Article 87). Full sessions are held in public. The constitutional reforms undertaken by Morocco since the 2011 protests have modified legislative and institutional procedures, yet their real impact on governance needs to be assessed. PDF | Land in Morocco constitutes a basic resource seen as the most profitable and assured investment for many investors. A bicameral system was only reintroduced in the 1996 Constitution. The conservative Independence Party trailed in third place with 43 seats. This area of Morocco … Because the decree legalizing unions did not explicitly forbid Moroccan workers from joining, the unions began to recruit Moroccans, until the Protectorate administration issued another decree forbidding it. He was appointed in November 2011, after elections, and heads a coalition including the centre-right nationalist Istiqlal, the liberal Popular Movement (Mouvement Populaire, MP), which has Berber roots, and the left-wing Party of Progress and Socialism (Parti du Progrès et du Socialisme, PPS; formerly the Parti Communiste du Maroc). ICLG - Corporate Governance Laws and Regulations - covers common issues in corporate governance laws and regulations – including in management bodies, shareholders & other stakeholders, transparency & reporting, and corporate social responsibility – … The Open Government Review of Morocco is the first of its kind analysing a country’s open government policies and practices and their institutional and legal frameworks for implementation against OECD instruments. Some were Moroccan branches of French political parties based in the settler community, others were specifically Moroccan organizations. Since coming to the throne, King Mohammed VI has emphasized that the rule of law is a fundamental underpinning of his concept of a constitutional monarchy. His authority is derived from his role as the political head of a community defined by belief. Both dynasties claimed their legitimacy ultimately from descent from the Prophet Muhammad, but that was a very large cohort. If the committee cannot agree, the House of Representatives has the last word. parliamentary elections of 7 October 2016, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices, protesting the incorporation of the Western Sahara, Consultative Commission on Regionalization, Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, 2011 US State Department Country Reports on Human Rights Practices in Morocco. Morocco is the world’s largest exporter of phosphate, which is an industry controlled by the royal family and by the elite who monopolize larger, multi-sector industries and who are close associates of the mon… Both chambers debate the government’s programme, but only the House of Representatives can vote it down. Good governance is mainstreamed in all GIZ’s programmes in Morocco. Only one-quarter of judicial trainees are women, and 90 percent are from the cities, although only 55 percent of the population is urban. The constitutional reforms undertaken by Morocco since the 2011 protests have modified legislative and institutional procedures, yet their real impact on governance needs to be assessed. In August 2015, Morocco signed a deal with Russia to purchase its first submarine, an Amur-1650, worth $340 million. The Navy is being re-equipped with Dutch-built SIGMA frigates. In February 2010, a royal directive outlined a plan to modernize and professionalize the National Security by improving the quality of recruits and reducing corruption, with increased investigation, prosecution, and training â including a human-rights component â for security personnel. In this new paper, Mohamed Benhlal analyzes Morocco’s recent constitutional amendments, which seemed, on paper, to make significance progress towards good governance… It positioned itself as a moderate Islamist party inspired by the Turkish Islamist movement and went on to become the biggest party in the elections in November 2011, when Benkirane became Prime Minister of a coalition government. The proposed policy has not yet been put into effect, although the constitutional basis for it was laid out in the 2011 Constitution (Section IX). In partnership with the General Directorate of Territorial Collectivities (DGCT) and the Association of Regions of Morocco (ARM), TASHAROC wishes to study the possibilities of operationalising the recommendations from the 1st national conference on advanced regionalisation for citizen participation, with the British … Most equipment has recently come from the United States; before that, the main supplier was France. An initial answer would be that the country is still vulnerable for a number of reasons. The Moroccan army is notable for its large number of personnel and high level of training. Since the early 2000s a much closer relationship with the United States, part of the so-called ‘War on Terror’, has made possible a modernization programme, particularly of the Air Force, with an order for 24 F-16 fighter aircraft, some of which have been delivered. Buy +/-/ 1000. The Communist Party was legalized in 1937 and grew through the trade unions. Corporate Governance in Transition Economies Morocco Country Report December 2017 Prepared by: Gian Piero Cigna Ahmed Meziou With the assistance of: Nestor Advisors . Reform of the state-owned enterprise sector in Morocco has undergone three distinct phases: 1) structural reforms in the 1980s, 2) modernisation of th. The countryâs forces have gained valuable experience as a result of political instability in North Africa, in particular the disputed territory of Western Sahara to the south, as well as more limited experience as part of the Saudi-led coalition fighting in Yemen. Yet despite its relatively progressive orientation, the new Constitution maintains the monarch as the most important political actor, with his formal rights and legitimacy unchanged. April 9, 2013. The national civilian police force is the National Security (Sûreté Nationale), which is an armed force of about 60,000, under the Ministry of the Interior. In January 2010, King Mohammed VI set up a Consultative Commission on Regionalization, ostensibly to examine how administration, regional development, and finance functioned under these arrangements. The United States Government, through USAID, is working closely with different political actors – political parties, government entities, civil society organizations (CSO), and civil society as a whole – to help them build their capacities, facilitate citizen participation, and ensure sustainable participatory governance. There are two parliamentary sessions a year, beginning in October and April. Readers are advised to seek … However, the countryâs military costs are high, amounting to 10.1 per cent of total government spending in 2011. Ensuring governance reform in Morocco … This was a rolling process, and the final stage in 1930 saw the promulgation of the famous Berber Dahir, which was envisioned as a tidying-up process under which tribal qaids (administrators) would deal with minor criminal matters under French law and civil matters according to what the French defined as Berber customary law. By bringing together a multitude of OECD instruments and expertise in different areas of public governance… In partnership with the General Directorate of Territorial Collectivities (DGCT) and the Association of Regions of Morocco (ARM), TASHAROC wishes to study the … The corps of judges is also unrepresentative of Moroccan society. However, basing his analysis on governance indicators such as the Worldwide Governance Indicators and components of the Arab Democracy Index, Benhlal points out that the practice of governance of Morocco is not as positive as claimed in the political discourse. As under the French system, an investigating judge investigates serious offences and can remand a suspect into pre-trial custody.